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AMR Tech. Introduction
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Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
Logging and reporting of temperatures, meter readings, movements, etc.
Interfacing devices and host systems, Ethernet, USB, GSM
Extended coverage: 100m+ between nodes
RF Hardware Solutions
eCOG1X：
- 70 MHz MCU with USB, Ethernet
- Low power (5uA) standby curren
MICRF :
- Low frequency ISM band radio
- Less spectrum usage
- Increased link budget
Cyan Support :
- Modular, richly featured, free RF stack
- Development hardware and tools support
- Strong support and design in help
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Technology
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WIFI
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Bluetooth
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Zigbee
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MicrelNet
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Market
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Local Area
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Personal Area
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Embedded
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Embedded
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Vendors
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CS
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TI, NEC, Ember, Jennic
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Cyan-Micrel
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Rate (bits/s)
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11M - 54M
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1M - 3M (v2)
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20K - 250K
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20K - 200K (v3)
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Stack Bytes
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100K-250K
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60K - 150K
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28K
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30K+
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Activity
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High
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High
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Low
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Low
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Battery Life
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< 2 days
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Weeks
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Years
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Years
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Freq (MHz)
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2400
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2400
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2400
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915/868/434
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Range (m)
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100
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10 or 100
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10 - 100
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100 - 600
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Flexibility
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Limited
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Limited
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Limited
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Configurable
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Development platforms for a range of embedded radio applications::
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Reference Design and RF Module
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– Ideal for slave node, sensing and logging
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– Integrated eCOG1k MPU with MICRF6XX
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– 915/868/433MHz options
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– Up to 600m range without amplification
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– Shared 15Kb/s (& 200 Kb/s option in development)
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– Small (50mm * 25mm) form factor
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– Carrier board available for easy evaluation
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– 30 pin interface includes:
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• 3 ADC inputs
• 8 GPIO, or 8-bit digital port or, 8 capture timer/trigger inputs
• 1 UART + 2nd UART with handshaking (alternative to GPIO)
• Power consumption: 5-6uA in shutdown mode, 36mA rx, and 46mA tx
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Traffic
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• Network structure acts as routing layer
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- Any node can send data
- Any node can receive data
- (sub) masters forward data to tree branches
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… Therefore can always find its master node
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| • Traffic can be acknowledged for QoS |
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Self Organising
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• Node can only negotiate with 1 other node
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- Used as connection point
- Selected based on pre-defined rules
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| • Self Forming rules can be defined in software |
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- Shortest path
- Highest signal strength
- Best uplink
- Least traffic
- Specific node features
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| • Rules can be adjusted for optimum implementation |
| • Rules could be reconfigured to optimise network |
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Self Healing
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• Self healing is automatically invoked
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| • Can be invoked based on a number of parameters |
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- Quiet periods
- Failed transmissions
- No master beacons
- Per interval
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| • Can be used to dynamically re-allocate network |
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- Guarantee nodes can communicate with master
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Power management
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• Data and synchronisation polling (ANY node)
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| • FHSS |
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- Long synchronisation periods for maximum battery life
• 0.01% to 10% typical duty cycle
• Up to 14 years per Ah
- Dynamic control of delay period
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| • Non FHSS devices |
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- Up to 28 years with no frequency changes
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| • Active transmit power management |
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- Automatically limit transmit power where required
- Reduce transmit consumption by up to 50%
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| • Header compression |
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- Removes redundant header data
- Minimise packet and frame overhead
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Spectrum Usage Options
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• Uses low use ISM bands
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| • Avoids spectral congestion at 2.4GHz |
| • Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) |
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- Use multiple bands and change continuously
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| • Different frequency bands |
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- Use cell structure, allows co-existence with limited number of systems
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| • Collision avoidance by monitoring traffic |
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- Listen Before Talk (LBT)
• Check for start of frame indicator
• If detected, delay for random time while searching
- Carrier Sense (CSMA-CA)
• Monitor RSSI
• If higher than threshold, add small random delay
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Further Software Features
Cyan MicrelNet also offers the following features:
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• Dense network support using TDMA
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| • Battery life calculators |
| • Name based network addressing |
| • Production programming tools |
| • AT command set interface |
| • Hardware support for integration with up-link |
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- LCD displays
- Accelerometers and Analogue IO
• Ethernet (HTTP, DHCP, DNS, Telnet, BOOTP, TFTP, etc…)
• GSM and GPRS
• GPS
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Extensibility
| • Large support library and experience |
| • Examples using existing reference: |
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- retro-fit meter reading using CMOS sensor
- Ethernet and/or GSM/GPRS uplink
- Real time TFT/LCD display of energy consumption
- Control via external interface
- Extended flash memory for data logging
• On-board (NAND/NOR)
• Removable (SD or CF card, USB flash drive)
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